scaler products

Position and particle
The position of a particle on an x-axis located the particle with respect to the origin , or zero point , of the axis . the position is either positive or negative , according to which side of the origin the particle is on , or zero if the particle is at the origin.
The positive direction on an axis is the direction of increasing positive number s , the opposite direction is the negative direction. The moving object is either a particle (by which we mean a point – like object such as electron) or an object that moves like a particle such that every portion moves in the same direction and at the same rate.). in our study , we describe the moving object as a particle regardless of its size.

The thermoluminescence (TL) response of the CR-39 polymer to ?-particles and ?-rays has been investigated. The results indicate that CR-39 is capable of being used for dosimetry purposes. Two TL glow peaks have been observed: at 135°C and 242°C. In the case of ?-irradiation, the TL response of the low-temperature peak (at 135°C) increases linearly with imparted dose up to 4 kGy, beyond which it tends towards a saturation level; for the high-temperature peak (at 242°C), the linearity extends to 21 kGy. When CR-39 is exposed to ?-rays, it is found, in general, that the TL output increases with dose at both peaks, up to 45 kGy (the maximum dose used in this investigation). Annealing of CR-39 (for 1 h at 150°C) prior to irradiation is found to sensitize the TL response at the 242°C peak by a factor of over 102. The effect of dose rate on the response of CR-39 to ?-rays is also presented.