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Basic Concepts
Digital electronics is a field of electronics involving the study of digital signals
and the engineering of devices that use or produce them.
Digital representation has certain advantages over analog representation in
electronics applications:
1. Digital data can be processed and transmitted more efficiently and reliably
than analog data.
2. Digital data has a great advantage when storage is necessary. For example,
audio when converted to digital form can be stored more compactly and
reproduced with greater accuracy and clarity than is possible when it is in
analog form.
3. Noise does not affect digital data nearly as much as it does analog signals.
4. Digital circuitry is the foundation of digital computers, home appliances,
alarm systems, heating systems, automated machine control, inventory
management, medical electronics, etc….
1.1.1 Binary Digits
Each of the two digits in the binary system, 1 and 0, is called a bit, which is a
contraction of the words binary digit, and it is the smallest unit of measurement
used to quantify computer data. Generally, 1 is represented by the higher voltage,
which we will refer to as a HIGH, and a 0 is represented by the lower voltage level,
which we will refer to as a LOW. This is called positive logic.